The short answer is that you can be committed to a mental hospital against your will if you meet the criteria set forth by the state in which you live.
General, Short-Term Commitment
The exact process for commitment varies from state to state. Additionally, each state has procedures in place that prevent you from being detained without just cause, such as requirements for medical certification or judicial approval. There are also time limits on how long you can be held against your will. Who can initiate the process of having you committed also varies from state to state and depends on the type of commitment being sought.
Can You Be Committed If You Are Suicidal?
Suicidal thoughts and feelings along with the belief that you are in immediate danger of hurting yourself would fall under the umbrella of reasons for a short-term commitment or involuntary hospitalization for depression. For more mental health resources, see our National Helpline Database. Other criteria that may be considered include whether you are able to take care of yourself and whether you are in need of treatment for your mental illness. Some states do not require that a person be in danger of hurting themselves or others, and involuntary hospitalization may be considered if a person is refusing needed treatment for mental illness. The definition of mental illness also varies from state to state.
Who Can Make the Request?
A short-term emergency detention, such as detention immediately following a suicide attempt, can generally be requested by anyone who has witnessed the situation that you are in, including friends, family, or the police. Even though almost anyone can initiate the process, most states do require either medical evaluation or court approval in order to ensure that you meet that particular state’s criteria. The allowed duration of emergency detentions vary from state to state but are most often limited to 24–48 hours before a civil commitment proceeding must be initiated.
Can Someone Who Has Been Committed Refuse Treatment?
Even if a person has been committed through emergency detention, they will not be forced to undergo treatment for their mental illness. The exception is treatments that are required on an emergency basis and are designed to calm a person or stabilize a medical condition. This does not include medications to specifically treat mental illness (such as administering antidepressants).
Longer-Term Commitments
Commitments for longer periods of time generally have more stringent requirements than emergency detention, but again are for limited periods of time and cannot be extended without the proper procedures being followed. To learn more about your own state’s laws regarding involuntary commitment, consult the Treatment Advocacy Center, which provides a state-by-state review of all relevant laws.
Hospitalization for Depression
When talking about “commitment,” it might sound like a prison sentence, but in actuality, when commitment is considered, the goal is to help a person, not to punish or restrict their rights as a human being. Talk of commitment usually demonstrates compassion and consideration of the safety and well-being of the person in need of help. Certainly, this is not always the case, and this is where the involvement of a medical professional or judicial approval is important. Severe depression is, unfortunately, far too common. And for some, being hospitalized for depression may be the best step in getting help before you make any decisions you could later regret. While in the hospital, a person who is depressed will have the opportunity to meet with a psychiatrist or psychologist, a social worker, and participate in individual and/or group therapy.
A Word From Verywell
Anyone—from family members and friends to police and emergency responders—can recommend short-term emergency detention (commitment) for a person who is in danger of hurting themself or others, as in the case of being suicidal. However, the exact requirements and criteria for commitment vary from state to state, as does the amount of time a person can be committed. While emergency commitment can sound very frightening, the goal is to allow a person who is not coping well with mental illness to get the help needed to get past the crisis at hand. If you or a loved one are experiencing thoughts of suicide, seek help and make safety and prevention a priority.
