We generally expect kids to be happy-go-lucky and fearless, and any phobia can be difficult for parents to address. When the fear is of death, it can be particularly challenging to cope.
Signs and Symptoms of the Fear of Death
Children with thanatophobia experience intense anxiety and fear in response to thoughts of death. As a result, they often experience physical symptoms of fear, such as:
Chest painChillsDizzinessNauseaRacing heartbeatShallow, rapid breathingSweatingTremblingUpset stomach
Other common signs and symptoms include avoiding threatening situations, constantly asking for reassurance, clinging to a parent or caregiver, and obsessing about minor health complaints. Thanatophobia is not considered a distinct condition in the “Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders” (DSM-5-TR), the tool that healthcare practitioners use to help diagnose mental health conditions. Instead, it would be diagnosed as a specific phobia, which is an intense fear of a specific object or situation.
What Causes Children’s Fear of Death?
There are a variety of factors that can contribute to a fear of death in children. Fear of the unknown can play a part, but it may also be linked to a traumatic loss, such as the loss of a parent or other loved one. Generally, some fear of death and dying is normal for kids between the ages of seven and 16. Some experts also suggest that it can be a normal part of childhood development.
Why Fear of Death Is Primal Fear
The fear of death is particularly common in younger children around the ages of six and seven. Children view death without all the trappings, religious beliefs, or defense mechanisms that adults have. Instead, children see death as a terrifying state of nothingness and don’t necessarily understand what causes it. Younger kids also lack specific cognitive capacities, making it difficult to grasp that someone can go away and come back. When mommy is gone, as far as the young child is concerned, she may not continue to exist. These cognitive differences in younger kids also contribute to separation anxiety, common in children between eight and 14 months. It also plays a role in other fears that involve being alone.
The Role of Magical Thinking
In an adult, magical thinking is a possible symptom of a mental disorder. But magical thinking in children is a normal developmental process. Kids lack the cognitive capacities, experience, and knowledge needed to always perceive the world rationally. Instead, most children go through a phase of believing that their thoughts and wishes are all-powerful. This may be an effort to gain some control over the world around them, but this fantasy is a double-edged sword. If the child thinks about someone dying, in his mind that alone could lead to the death of that person. So sometimes kids develop rituals and superstitions designed to protect themselves from those wishes becoming a reality.
Helping a Child With Thanatophobia
In most children, the fear of death will not become pathological. Most childhood fears are soon outgrown as kids gain maturity and begin to shift their focus to the here and now. However, your child may receive a thanatophobia diagnosis if her symptoms are persistent, excessive, present for six months or more, and significantly impact their functioning. There are things you can do to help support a child who expresses a fear of death and dying. Strategies you can use to help your child include:
Listen: Talk to your child and listen to what they have to say. Don’t dismiss or minimize their fears. Acknowledge their emotions and provide comfort and reassurance.Avoid euphemisms: While you might be tempted to soften your language by using phrases like “sleeping,” “gone way,” or “in a better place” when talking about death, it is better to be gentle yet direct. There is no need to be graphic or overly detailed, but you can provide general, clear explanations that a person has died.Discuss death: Research suggests that most adults avoid discussing death with children until death occurs. Focus on having honest, factual, age-appropriate discussions about death.
Your reaction as a parent or teacher can partially influence how long-lasting and severe the child’s fear of death is. Many adults assume that kids have no real concept of death, so they avoid discussing it with their children. But kids tend to ask for information when they are ready for it.
Seeking Therapy for Thanatophobia
If your child displays a severe, life-limiting fear of death, or if the fear lasts for more than 6 months, seek professional guidance. Counseling is also recommended for children who experience a significant loss such as the death of a parent or close friend or witness a traumatic event such as a school shooting. Placing your child in therapy can trigger your insecurities or make you wonder if you somehow failed as a parent. In reality, phobias can develop for a seemingly endless number of reasons. Early intervention gives your child the best chances to combat the phobia.
A Word From Verywell
Anxiety and distress about death is a common fear for young children and teens. For most kids, this fear will gradually diminish as they grow, gain new experiences, and acquire different coping skills. A more severe fear of death, however, may require professional intervention. Talk to your child’s doctor if you are concerned about their symptoms for further advice and evaluation. For more mental health resources, see our National Helpline Database.
