Being apart from a particular personBeing home aloneBeing in public by yourselfFeeling isolated or ignoredExperiencing danger while aloneLiving aloneLonelinessSolitude
Monophobia is also known as autophobia, eremophobia, and isolophobia. Monophobia is a specific phobia, meaning it involves the fear of a certain situation. When faced with the feeling of being alone, someone with monophobia will experience extreme anxiety.
Symptoms
While most of us can identify someone in our support system who we will miss if they are away, the distress that people with monophobia experience is much more serious and disruptive. Symptoms of monophobia can vary, but may include:
Dizziness, fainting, or nausea while alone Experiencing intense anxiety that’s out of proportion with their situation Feeling apprehensive when thinking about being alone Feeling secluded or ignored even while in a group or crowd of people Going to great lengths to avoid being isolated Increased heartbeat, tightness in the chest, and trouble breathing while alone Panic attacks Problems functioning in other aspects of their lives, including their ability to maintain healthy relationships The belief that something catastrophic will happen if they are left alone
Identifying Monophobia
To diagnose monophobia, your doctor will conduct a history and physical and will make sure that another condition is not the cause of your symptoms. They will look for signs that your fear of being alone is severe enough to disrupt your everyday life. As is the case with other phobias, feeling nervous or uncomfortable isn’t enough to warrant a diagnosis. For more mental health resources, see our National Helpline Database. If you have monophobia, being alone (or, in some cases, imagining that you’re alone) will provoke immediate fear or anxiety and lead to a pattern of avoidance. For a diagnosis, symptoms of a phobia must be present for at least six months.
Causes
It’s not clear what causes conditions like monophobia. It may have developed due to a traumatic experience you had while left alone, or you may have learned the behavior from a family member or close friend. It’s also possible that childhood adversity could play a role in monophobia. Children may develop a fear of being alone after experiencing things like:
AbuseDeath of a parentDivorceDomestic violenceEconomic problems within the familyExtended separation from a parentNeglectParental substance misuse or mental illnessSerious illness of a family member
Feelings of loneliness and challenges with self-regulation may also trigger monophobia. The condition may be linked to feelings of inadequacy should an emergency situation arise, a common concern for many people who fear being alone even when in their own homes. You may also have legitimate reasons for feeling fearful, like if you live in a neighborhood with a high crime rate. Generally, these fears should not dictate the way you live your life, beyond encouraging you to take rational safety precautions. Follow Now: Apple Podcasts / Spotify / Google Podcasts
Comorbidities
Monophobia shares characteristics with several other conditions, like:
Agoraphobia, or the fear of being unable to escape a dangerous or stressful situation Codependency, which can involve discomfort when away from a partner Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), which includes excessive worry over a variety of situations Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which can develop as a result of trauma Social anxiety disorder (SAD), which is characterized by a worry of being watched or judged while in public
In children, attachment anxiety and separation anxiety disorder may show some of the same symptoms of monophobia. Attachment anxiety can develop when a child isn’t able to form a secure relationship with a caregiver. An adult with this attachment style may work very hard to maintain close relationships and may show controlling or clingy behavior. Separation anxiety is a normal part of early childhood development. However, if a child is experiencing severe distress that persists into later childhood, it may be a sign of separation anxiety disorder. Adults can also experience separation anxiety disorder.
Treatment
Like all phobias, the fear of being alone responds well to a variety of treatment options. People with monophobia may benefit from medication and therapy. Your treatment will likely focus on:
Reducing the fear and anxiety you experience while you’re aloneGradually building up your ability to be by yourself
Medication
Your doctor may prescribe medication to help control the symptoms of monophobia. This could include anti-anxiety medications, like benzodiazepines or beta-blockers, or antidepressants like selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). If your doctor does prescribe medication, it will likely be used together with therapy. Medication may also be used short-term as a way to reduce the anxiety you feel while undergoing therapy.
Psychotherapy
Behavioral therapy is an essential part of the treatment process for a phobia. Your doctor may recommend:
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT): CBT helps you learn how to notice and challenge the automatic thoughts associated with your phobia. This may help you identify moments when your anxiety is out of proportion with the actual danger of being alone. Desensitization: Desensitization is a process where you’re exposed to situations that cause anxiety while you practice techniques to keep yourself calm. This form of therapy is meant to slowly desensitize you to the experience of being alone.
Coping
Feeling unable to be alone can make it hard to travel, run errands, and experience many aspects of your life. You may have significant problems maintaining friendships and romantic relationships, as others might view your anxieties as controlling or clingy behavior. If you have monophobia, it’s important to seek treatment and follow the advice of your doctor. They can help you come up with at-home coping strategies you can use to help alleviate your anxiety. These techniques could include:
Deep breathing Meditation Progressive muscle relaxation Visualization Yoga
You might find that background noise helps to distract you in situations where you have to be alone. Carrying a stimulating toy can also give you something to focus on while in public to mitigate anxiety, as can carrying around a book or tablet—just be careful that this doesn’t become an avoidance behavior. You might also find comfort in making sure you have minimized the legitimate risks that may be causing your fear. That could mean making sure your home is secure or ensuring that you’re not alone in a legitimately dangerous location. You can also look to your support system for help coping with monophobia. If you’re away from a particular person, talking on the phone or online may help alleviate your immediate distress. Some families even create rituals, such as eating the same meal for dinner or sending special emails at the same time each night, to honor their relationships while they’re apart.
A Word From Verywell
If your fear of being alone is severe, or if it affects your daily life, the best solution is to seek professional treatment. Monophobia is a treatable condition, and getting the assistance of a mental health professional can help you address your phobia and improve your day-to-day experience.
