Tobacco-related disease is two to four times more prevalent among alcoholics than that of the general population. Alcoholics who smoke are less likely to die from an alcoholic-related illness than they are a tobacco-related disease. Those who suffer from alcoholism and have a smoking habit have a 51% chance of death, compared with alcoholics who are nonsmokers who have a 34% chance of death. As such, many researchers have ascertained that smoking cessation therapy is vital for alcohol recovery treatment programs.
What Are the Dangers of Smoking?
Probably the biggest fear for all smokers is the risk of getting lung cancer, and there is a good reason: male smokers are 23 times more likely to develop lung cancer—and female smokers 13 times more likely—compared to non-smokers. Smoking so-called “light” cigarettes do not significantly reduce the risk of lung cancer.
Putting Toxins Into Your Body
When you smoke cigarettes, you are putting toxins from the tobacco and the chemicals used to make cigarettes into your bloodstream. Those toxins contribute to the development of atherosclerosis or the hardening of the arteries. Atherosclerosis is caused by deposits of fatty plaques and the thickening and scarring of the artery walls. When the artery wall becomes inflamed or blood clots develop, blood flow can be obstructed and cause heart attacks or strokes. Smoking causes atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries, which results in coronary heart disease, the leading cause of death in the U.S. Smoking cigarettes have been linked with sudden cardiac deaths in both men and women. In recent years, it has also been associated with an increased risk of developing an abdominal aortic aneurysm. Because smoking reduces circulation by narrowing the blood vessels, it can increase the risk of developing peripheral vascular disease, obstruction of the large arteries in the arms and legs, particularly among women.
Smoking as the Cause of Other Cancers
Although lung cancer may be the biggest cancer threat, smokers are at risk for developing all kinds of cancers. The carcinogens found in tobacco smoke damage the genes that control the growth of cells in the body, causing them to reproduce too rapidly or grow abnormally. Smoking is associated with an increased risk of developing the following:
Esophageal cancerStomach cancerKidney cancerBladder cancerCancer of the mouthCancer of the throatAcute myeloid leukemiaCancer of the cervixCancer of the larynxPancreatic cancer
Smoking’s Respiratory Health Effects
Of course, lung cancer is not the only threat to the respiratory health of smokers. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is another leading cause of death in the U.S., and although nonsmokers can get COPD, an estimated 85% to 90% of COPD cases are linked to smoking. Approximately 15.3 million people in the United States have been diagnosed with COPD, which includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Many people may have COPD without even knowing it. Smokers can also suffer from chronic coughing and wheezing; upper and lower respiratory tract infections; and declining lung function.
Effects on Reproductive Health
There are additional risks for female smokers who plan to have children or who are already pregnant: smoking makes it more difficult to get pregnant, and research reveals an increased risk of infertility for women who smoke. Unfortunately, studies show that only about 23% of women smokers who get pregnant quit smoking during their pregnancies. This can result in the following problems:
Pregnancy complicationsPremature birthLow-birth-weight infantsStillbirthInfant deathSudden Infant Death SyndromePlacenta previaPlacental abruption
Reversing the Effects of Smoking
There are many other health risks associated with smoking that is not necessarily life-threatening. Smoking has been found to harm almost every organ of the body, causing many diseases and generally reducing the overall health of smokers. The good news is that quitting smoking can immediately begin to reduce some of these increased health risks, and the benefits of quitting increase the longer you stop smoking. Your risk of heart attack and stroke are immediately reduced as soon as you quit. Former smokers have the same stroke risk as nonsmokers after 5 years, in most cases, and by 15 years, the risk for heart disease is the same as that of a nonsmoker.
