Given the American history of Indigenous genocide and enslavement of Black folks, white supremacy tends to be ingrained in the DNA of this country.
Impact on BIPOC Mental Health
It is impossible to review all of the ways in which white supremacy harms BIPOC folks, as its ramifications are complex both on the personal and societal level.
Lack of Adequate Services
There is no shortage of ways in which white supremacy negatively impacts the mental health of BIPOC folks, and this issue is further compounded by how many barriers they confront when attempting to access culturally competent services, given how mental health can often be treated by practitioners who lack understanding of systemic oppression. Confronting these specific issues is generally not part of training programs, and not just that, often taboo. There are some programs out there that address this in depth, but it is far from the standard of care.
Lack of Representation
In a research study that delved into beauty and body image issues experienced by Black college students, these women reported that Eurocentric beauty standards had a negative impact on self-esteem, especially when mainstream media either lacked any representation of them or portrayed them as less desirable or hypersexualized. It starts younger as well. There are more examples from history, such as the doll test in which children generally showed a preference for white or lighter skinned dolls, describing them with positive traits, while showing less preference for darker skinned dolls and describing them more negatively. While to some, these may appear to be minor challenges on the surface, when BIPOC folks experience these on a regular basis for an extended period of time, they can internalize it as a poor reflection of themselves, rather than systems that are inherently white supremacist. For instance, growing up not seeing anyone who looks like you in a classroom, on television, or even in your community can have negative internalized effects. It has been found that when children do not have healthy, positive representations of people who share their identities, it leads to lower self-esteem and ultimately limits their potential.
Similarities to PTSD
Racial trauma refers to ongoing individual and collective harms from repeated exposure to race-based stress. The mental health effects of racial trauma have been compared to post-traumatic stress disorder, but unlike the traditional model of PTSD, race-based traumatic stress involves prolonged exposure to stress instead of one distinct incident. There is no shortage of race-based stress triggers in a white supremacist society, so mental health is bound to be negatively impacted by such rampant environmental factors.
Examples of Systemic White Supremacy
There are countless examples of the influence of white supremacy in society—particularly among popular media, in American schools, and more.
Children’s Literature
In terms of representation in children’s literature, research from the Cooperative Children’s Book Center demonstrated how children’s literature remains overwhelmingly White. As of 2019, you are more likely to find a kid’s book starring a character that is not human, at a rate of 29%, than one starring a Black, First Nations, Asian, Latinx, or Pacific Islander child, at a rate of 27%. This further disadvantages BIPOC students with the implicit messaging that their stories do not matter as much as their White peers’ stories do. Similar patterns are the norm regarding whose narratives are given attention in films and television shows, in comparison to whose lives are viewed as disposable.
American School System
Within the American school system, the way in which learning focuses on the narratives of some at the expense of others can be an example of white supremacy. For instance, many people go through the American education system learning American history from the perspective of the dominant culture. In other words, ask yourself how often you read accounts from the perspectives of the cultures that colonizers violently interrupted, such as those of Indigenous peoples or enslaved Black folks? In this way, we are emphasizing the perspective of the oppressors and not those who were oppressed. Courses and materials centered around BIPOC folks tend to be electives, while courses centered on the white perspective are required. With this in mind, writer Layla F. Saad issued a challenge to educators to reflect on how their classrooms may have been spaces wherein white supremacy had been unintentionally reinforced, and some folks did that much-needed work to unpack their own complicity with systems of bigotry that harm BIPOC students.
Confronting White Supremacist Norms
Coping skills vary among BIPOC folks, but it can be helpful to consider the strategies that were useful when dealing with other challenging situations when confronting white supremacist harms. For some BIPOC folks, engaging in some type of intense physical activity can help to release some stress from the reality of their oppression and provide a much-needed reprieve. Other BIPOC folks may feel empowered from engaging in advocacy or activism volunteering efforts to experience some semblance of control when white supremacist harms can often leave those impacted feeling helpless and hopeless. Especially given how the experience of white supremacist harms can negatively impact the mental health of BIPOC folks, it can be easier to cope when connected with a community that understands these issues so that they validate their feelings, rather than gaslight them due to their own ignorance or defensiveness.
A Word From Verywell
Unfortunately, depending on your context, it may be more challenging for some BIPOC folks to cultivate a supportive community, especially if marginalized in other ways as well—such as someone who is both Black and Muslim. They may find their Blackness welcomed in a space, but later find it to be Islamophobic. In cases like these, media from BIPOC creators can provide some semblance of connection, such as podcasts by hosts who share lived experiences and interests that are similar to those of listeners. In this way, BIPOC folks have often had to strategize creative solutions to white supremacist harms, much like their ancestors.
